B Hypothyroidism has contributed to a decrease in metabolic activity manifesting in neural inefficiency. C Dehydration secondary to diuretic overuse has manifested in changes in perception. D Plaques have developed between neurons, and neurofibrillary tangles have developed within neurons. Ans: D Feedback: In Alzheimer disease, there are senile plaques that develop between neurons and neurofibrillary tangles that develop within neurons.
There is a decline in synaptic levels of acetylcholine rather than accumulation. Dehydration and hypothyroidism would be associated with delirium, not dementia. Which of the following statements accurately describes this tool? A It contains roughly 75 questions that will help identify those individuals at risk for harming themselves.
B It is a brief, objective tool that will assess memory, orientation, and attention. C It is primarily used as a diagnostic tool to help differentiate Alzheimer disease versus dementia. D This tool can be utilized to identify worsening of short-term memory. Ans: B Feedback: This tool provides a brief, objective measure of cognitive functioning and has been widely used. It can be administered in 5 to 10 minutes and consists of a variety of questions that cover memory, orientation, attention, and constructional abilities.
An elderly patient suspected of having delirium will likely display which of the following clinical manifestations?
Key symptoms include agitation, disorientation, and fearfulness along with disorganized thinking and altered level of consciousness. Which of the following factors in an elderly client may increase his risk for an adverse drug reaction? A Intake of numerous over-the-counter medications and vitamins B Poor eyesight requiring prescription lens C Use of electric openers to open medication bottles D Short-term memory loss leading to forgetfulness as to whether he took the medications E Utilizing pill boxes organized by day of the week Ans: B, D Feedback: Reasons for high rate of errors in administration of medications and compliance include poor manual dexterity; failing eyesight; lack of understanding about the treatment regimen; attitudes and beliefs about medication use; mistrust of HCP; and forgetfulness or confusion.
A pharmacist is teaching a group of nurse practitioners about the differences between pharmacokinetics among older adults and among younger clients. Which of the following teaching points best captures an aspect of drug therapy among older adults?
Absorption time does not decrease in older adults, and fat-soluble drugs can accumulate in their adipose tissue. Decreased renal and hepatic function results in reduced clearance but not accumulation in the kidneys and liver themselves.
Reviews There are no reviews yet. Quick View. Mitochondrial DNA damage has accumulated to such a level that the person has physiological symptoms of declining health. Oxidative free radicals result in by-products that react with DNA to lead to cellular damage.
The wear-and-tear theory of aging states that accumulated damage to vital parts of cells leads to cellular aging and death. Nonstochastic theories focus on genetic influences that determine physical condition, occurrence of disease, age of death, cause of death, and other factors contributing to longevity. The epidermal layer of the skin inevitably thins as part of the normal aging process, lending a transparent appearance to the skin.
Skin becomes weaker and less elastic in older adults because of the rearrangement of fibrin and keratin. Output of sebaceous glands declines, with accompanying reductions in sweat production. Impaired vascularity and cellularity cause the skin of older adults to be prone to subcutaneous bleeding, resulting in senile purpura.
While a general reduction in muscle strength is a normal, age-related change, this can be slowed significantly by regular physical activity.
An elevation in systolic BP accompanied by a normotensive diastolic pressure causes a dramatic increase in pulse pressure. In older adults, resting heart rate stays the same or decreases slightly. An year-old female client complains of the glare of the fluorescent lights off the floor of the facility. A year-old male client who has been newly admitted displays balance problems when ambulating.
While any abrupt change in status would warrant further examination, decreased strength, light sensitivity, and balance problems are all considered normal accompaniments to the aging process. Slow, direct speech is a useful communication technique when dealing with clients who are hard of hearing.
Infections are more prevalent among older adults than younger adults, a situation that results partly from compromised immune function but mostly from the interplay between environmental factors and age-related changes. The nurse knows that this may be caused by. Vitamin B 12 deficiency also can cause neurologic abnormalities such as peripheral neuropathy numbness and tremor , ataxia loss of coordination of muscle movements , and even dementia. Due to decreased muscle mass and consequent decrease in creatinine production, older adults often maintain normal creatinine levels even in the presence of impaired glomerular filtration and low GFR.
Though sexual activity by no means ceases among older adults, the duration and intensity do normally decrease. Dressing is considered a core ADL. The man is later diagnosed with transient urinary incontinence, a condition that is most often attributable to.
Many medications commonly taken by older individuals, including long-acting sedatives, hypnotics, and diuretics, can induce incontinence. A year-old woman admitted for rheumatoid arthritis exacerbation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
An year-old woman with exacerbation of her chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD and increasing shortness of breath. An year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia and consequent urinary retention. Parkinson disease and orthostatic hypotension are both considered common contributors to falls. Duration: Unlimited downloads. Delivery: Instant Download. Understanding Pathophysiology 6th edition Our product will help you master any topic faster than ever before.
The heavy lifting of extracting the most important information from your textbook and compiling it into a downloadable test bank has been done for you. By using this test bank in conjunction with your textbook, you will have all the resources necessary to ensure success in the classroom. Trusted for more than 30 years and updated to reflect today's nursing challenges, this engaging text makes complex concepts accessible and helps you easily and confidently grasp normal body function, the effects of disease on body systems, and the body's ability to compensate and adapt.
This edition also considers the many technological advances that allow healthcare providers to diagnose earlier and with more accuracy.
Highlights of the Tenth Edition Approachable presentation builds understanding from basic to advanced concepts and defines key terms as you progress. Unit-Opening Case Studies, which are revisited in one or more chapters in the unit, bring pathophysiology to life and equip you for success in clinical practice. Approximately 1, vibrant illustrations clarify the clinical manifestations of diseases and disease processes. Understanding boxes break physiologic processes and phenomena into their sequential parts, providing insight into the many opportunities for disease to disrupt the processes.
Key Points boxes and In Summary sections reduce the need for memorization and help you incorporate important points into broader conceptual units. Pediatric Considerations and Geriatric Considerations boxes in each chapter specify how the chapter content applies to these two special populations. Concept Mastery Alerts explain topics that students can find confusing. Review Exercises at the end of each chapter test your retention and identify areas for further study.
References provide fast, efficient access to normal laboratory values in both conventional and SI units, as well as a comprehensive glossary. Narrated animations referenced by icons in the text and available online enhance your understanding of the most challenging and clinically relevant concepts. Author : Tommie L. Author : E. Approachable presentation builds understanding from basic to advanced concepts and defines key terms as you progress.
Full-color illustrations clarify the clinical manifestations of diseases and disease processes.
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